Photo is likely from 1960s-1970s era.Ĭoal in the Powder River Basin portion of the Fort Union Formation – the blue area on the above map shared by eastern Montana and northeast Wyoming – includes quite large deposits of strippable coal, with dozens of long-running seams, some as thick as 100 feet or more. Thousands of miles of creeks and streams suffered ill effects: some filled with sediment, others acidified from mine spoil seepage, many devoid of fish and other aquatic life.Įxtensive strip mining operation in the lignite coalfields of western North Dakota, showing extraction at uncovered coal seam, as well as spoil piles of removed overburden. In the process, mine spoil was simply pushed “over the side” - down mountain slopes - silting up and polluting streams below. Surface mining in some locations had snaked around hillsides as far as the eye could see (photo below). Some 20,000 miles of unreclaimed and dangerous “highwall” cuts from contour mining were found in Appalachia alone. In Appalachia, mountainsides were ringed with thousands of miles of scars from contour stripping. The practice – then poorly regulated in most states, if at all – had been ravaging the nation’s land and waters for decades. But first, some background.īy the 1970s, surface coal mining in America was occurring in 26 states. in the spring of 1975 seeking to block the needed law. More on the Ford vetoes and coal-industry lobbying tactics a bit later – including a famous “protest convoy” of 400-plus coal trucks that barreled through Washington, D.C. Herblock’s message is clear: the President was then in the pocket of the coal interests and their lobbyists. In the cartoon, Herblock attacks strip mining interests by depicting a man, representing the strip mine lobby, literally peeling off the Earth’s crust across America, with an “O.K” note from “Gerald Ford” sticking out of his pocket. The Washington Post, meanwhile, would mark the latter Ford veto in June 1975 with a political cartoon from its famous lampooner, “Herblock” (Herbert Block), shown at right. Congress – one in December 1974 and another in May 1975 – bills that had gone through months of arduous debate and years of grass roots political activity. environmental legislation for regulating surface coal mining, also known as “strip mining.”įord would veto two successive strip mining reclamation bills sent to him by the U.S. In 19, President Gerald Ford would play a crucial role in blocking U.S. Washington Post / Herblock cartoon, “Rip-Off,” with pointed message about strip mining lobby in Congress during legislative battle to enact strip mining controls. "Working to make a better tomorrow, for all mankind.June 1, 1975. Within the facility, our main goal is to keep safety a number one priority, you'll find that Black Mesa has the safest laboratories and work environments than anywhere else in the world. If you have any questions regarding occupations currently available in the Black Mesa Research Facility, contact our Civilian Recruitment Division today. The Black Mesa Corporation has not only rivaled, but has surpassed both Aperture Innovators, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in both private, military, and government grants.īlack Mesa is a partially independent and partially government funded research facility, we are always looking and searching for new facility personnel to add to our great lists of staff. The Black Mesa Research Facility was founded in 1964 with the aim of creating the best way possible to expand humanity's knowledge of scientific processes, since then, Black Mesa has not only quadrupled in size, but has continued to attract hundreds of private financiers all across the United States.
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